Dieser Frage ist Béla Galgóczi, Forscher des Europäischen Gewerkschaftsinstituts (ETUI) in Brüssel, in einem Arbeitspapier nachgegangen.
Dieser Frage ist Béla Galgóczi, Forscher des Europäischen Gewerkschaftsinstituts (ETUI) in Brüssel, in einem Arbeitspapier nachgegangen. Eine ungarische Version dieser Analyse konnte durch die Unterstützung des Budapester Büros der Friedrich-Ebert-Stiftung am 19. Juni 2017 im Kossuth Klub in Budapest vorgestellt und mit Experten und Führungskräften der ungarischen Gewerkschaftsbünde diskutiert werden. Obwohl in der MOE-Region die Produktivität in den letzten Jahren sukzessiv stieg, blieben die Löhne weit unter dem westeuropäischen Niveau, so Galgóczi in seinem Arbeitspapier. Anhand der verarbeitenden Industrie zeigte Galgóczi auf, welcher Mehrwert in unterschiedlichen Ländern mit 100 Euro Arbeitskraftkosten erwirtschaftet wird. In Ungarn sind dies 212 Euro, in Deutschland dagegen nur 132 Euro. Diese Berechnungen zeigen, dass es in den OME-Ländern, vor allem in Ungarn, "Produktivitätsreserven" gibt, die auch eine Lohnerhöhung ermöglichen könnten.
Der Direktor von Policy Agenda, Ambrus Kiss hob hervor, dass in Ungarn 51% der Familien mit einem Kind unter dem Existenzminimum leben und die Situation der berufstätigen alleinerziehenden Frauen noch schlechter aussieht. Zoltán Pogátsa, Ökonom der West-ungarischen Universität war mit Galgóczi einig, dass die bewusste Niedrighaltung der Löhne nicht länger zu akzeptieren sei und forderte die Gewerkschaften zur besseren Interessendurchsetzung und Mobilisierung auf.
Um bessere Chancen für eine gerechte Lohnentwicklung erreichen zu können, waren alle fünf Gewerkschaftsvorsitzenden einig, dass sie mehr gemeinsam agieren müssen und ein Bedarf an gemeinsamen Analysen zur nationalen Lohnproblematik besteht. Da zwei Drittel der Arbeitnehmer_innen im KMU-Sektor beschäftigt sind, wäre in erster Linie dort eine übergreifende Beschäftigungs- und Lohnanalyse notwendig.
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